How ten-pin scoring works
Ten-pin bowling scores the first nine frames with bonus look-ahead. A strike scores 10 plus the next two rolls. A spare scores 10 plus the next one roll. An open frame just scores the pins knocked down in that frame.
That bonus structure is why a raw pinfall count and the official score can differ sharply. A strike in the ninth frame is not fully valued until the first two rolls of the tenth frame are known.