How the day count is determined
Eleven months have fixed day counts: January (31), March (31), April (30), May (31), June (30), July (31), August (31), September (30), October (31), November (30), December (31). February is the exception: it has 28 days in a common year and 29 days in a leap year. The leap year rule is: divisible by 4, except century years not divisible by 400.
A handy mnemonic for the fixed months is the knuckle rule: make a fist and count knuckles and valleys starting from the index-finger knuckle. Knuckles are 31-day months (January, March, May, July, August, October, December) and valleys are 30-day months or February.
February days = 29 if leap year, else 28
All other months are fixed: Jan/Mar/May/Jul/Aug/Oct/Dec = 31; Apr/Jun/Sep/Nov = 30.
Weekdays in month = Total days − Saturdays − Sundays
Varies by month and by which day of the week the month starts.