How percentage and grade are calculated
The percentage is calculated by dividing the marks obtained by the total marks and multiplying by 100. This single formula applies regardless of the total — whether the exam was out of 50, 100, 500, or any other value. The percentage normalises all results to a 0–100 scale for easy comparison.
The letter grade is assigned based on the percentage using a standard scale: 90–100 earns an A+ (or A in some systems), 80–89 earns an A (or B), 70–79 earns a B (or C), 60–69 earns a C (or D), 50–59 earns a D, and below 50 is an F (fail). Note that grade boundaries vary between institutions and countries — this scale is the most common international standard.
Percentage = (Marks Obtained ÷ Total Marks) × 100
For example, 72 out of 90: (72 ÷ 90) × 100 = 80%.
GPA (4.0 scale) ≈ (Percentage − 50) ÷ 12.5 (for scores 50–100)
An approximation; exact conversions vary by institution.