Number Theory

Base Calculator

Perform arithmetic in any number base from 2 to 36 and view results across binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal.

Base Converter

Convert numbers between any two bases from 2 to 36, including binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal.

Big Number Calculator

Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on very large numbers that exceed normal calculator limits.

Binary Calculator

Perform binary arithmetic — addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division — on binary numbers and see results in binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal.

Binary to Decimal Converter

Convert binary numbers to decimal with a step-by-step positional breakdown showing each bit value and running total.

Binary to Hex Converter

Convert binary numbers to hexadecimal by grouping bits into nibbles, with step-by-step mapping and the final hex result.

Binary to Octal Converter

Convert binary numbers to octal by grouping bits into sets of three, with a step-by-step breakdown and the final octal result.

Decimal to Binary Converter

Convert decimal integers to binary with a step-by-step division-by-two breakdown showing quotients, remainders, and the final binary string.

Decimal to Hex Converter

Convert decimal integers to hexadecimal with a step-by-step division-by-sixteen breakdown showing remainders and the final hex value.

Decimal to Octal Converter

Convert decimal integers to octal with a step-by-step division-by-eight breakdown showing remainders and the final octal string.

Factor Calculator

Find all factors of any positive integer, displayed as individual factors and factor pairs, with a prime-or-composite check.

Greatest Common Factor Calculator

Find the greatest common factor of two or more numbers using prime factorisation, with step-by-step working and factor lists.

Hex Calculator

Perform hexadecimal arithmetic — addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division — on hex values and see results in hex, decimal, binary, and octal.

Hex to Binary Converter

Convert hexadecimal values to binary by expanding each hex digit into its four-bit equivalent with a step-by-step breakdown.

Hex to Decimal Converter

Convert hexadecimal values to decimal with a step-by-step positional breakdown showing each digit weight and running total.

Hex to Octal Converter

Convert hexadecimal values to octal by expanding to binary and regrouping into three-bit sets, with step-by-step results.

Number Sequence Calculator

Identify arithmetic, geometric, and other common number sequences, then find missing terms and the general formula.

Octal to Binary Converter

Convert octal numbers to binary by expanding each octal digit into its three-bit equivalent with a step-by-step breakdown.

Octal to Decimal Converter

Convert octal numbers to decimal with a step-by-step positional breakdown showing each digit weight and running total.

Octal to Hex Converter

Convert octal numbers to hexadecimal by expanding to binary and regrouping into four-bit nibbles, with step-by-step results.

Prime Factorization Calculator

Break any positive integer into its prime factors, displayed as a factor tree and in exponential notation.

Roman Numeral Converter

Convert between Roman numerals and decimal numbers instantly, with validation and step-by-step breakdown of numeral values.

Rounding Calculator

Round any number to a chosen number of decimal places, significant figures, or to the nearest whole, ten, hundred, or thousand.

Scientific Notation Calculator

Convert numbers to and from scientific notation and perform arithmetic operations on numbers in scientific form.

Significant Figures Calculator

Count significant figures in any number and round a value to a specified number of significant figures.