BTU Calculator

Convert between BTU, watts, kilowatts, and tons of cooling, or estimate heating and cooling BTU requirements from room size and conditions.

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Enter values Provide room dimensions to calculate BTU requirements.

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Energy & HVAC

Understanding BTU and converting between energy units

A BTU calculator converts between British Thermal Units, watts, kilowatts, and tons of cooling, or estimates heating and cooling requirements from room size and conditions. This guide explains what a BTU is and how it relates to practical HVAC sizing.

What is a BTU?

A British Thermal Unit is the amount of energy needed to raise one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. In HVAC, BTU per hour (BTUh) measures the heating or cooling output of equipment. One ton of cooling equals 12,000 BTUh, and one kilowatt equals approximately 3,412 BTUh.

When comparing heating equipment, BTU input is the fuel energy consumed while BTU output is the useful heat delivered. The ratio of output to input is the efficiency (AFUE for furnaces, COP for heat pumps).

1 ton = 12,000 BTU/h

One ton of refrigeration removes 12,000 BTU of heat per hour.

1 kW = 3,412 BTU/h

Conversion between electrical power and thermal energy rate.

Estimating BTU needs for a room

A quick estimate multiplies room square footage by 20 BTU for cooling or by a climate factor of 25 to 60 BTU for heating. These rules of thumb are useful for ballpark sizing but should not replace a detailed Manual J load calculation for equipment selection.

Frequently asked questions

How many BTU do I need to heat a 1,500 sq ft house?

In a moderate climate, multiply by 30 to 40 BTU per square foot, giving a range of 45,000 to 60,000 BTU. Cold climates may need 50 to 60 BTU per square foot or more.

What is the difference between BTU and BTUh?

BTU is a unit of energy. BTUh (BTU per hour) is a rate of energy transfer. HVAC equipment is rated in BTUh because capacity is measured per unit of time.

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