BMR and maintenance calories
The first step in most calorie calculations is basal metabolic rate, or BMR. This is an estimate of how much energy the body uses at rest to support essential functions such as breathing, circulation, and temperature regulation.
Maintenance calories are then estimated by multiplying BMR by an activity factor. This produces total daily energy expenditure, often called TDEE. TDEE is the level at which body weight would be expected to remain broadly stable over time if intake and activity stayed consistent.