What EV to EBITDA is measuring
EV to EBITDA compares a capital-structure-aware value measure with a pre-financing operating earnings measure. Analysts use it because enterprise value adjusts for debt and cash, while EBITDA is often used as a rough operating proxy that is less affected by depreciation policy and leverage than net income.
That makes the multiple convenient for comparing businesses across capital structures, but it is still a simplification. EBITDA is not cash flow, and a peer multiple is only as helpful as the quality of the peer set behind it.