Why cups and grams are not interchangeable
Cups are a volume measurement while grams are a weight measurement. The two are only equivalent when you know the density of the ingredient being measured. A US cup equals 236.588 ml of space, but the weight of that space depends entirely on what fills it. Light, aerated ingredients such as flour or cocoa powder weigh far less per cup than dense liquids like honey or maple syrup.
Professional bakers almost universally measure by weight because it is more precise and repeatable. A cup of flour can vary by 20% depending on whether it is scooped, spooned, or sifted. Weighing on a kitchen scale removes that variability and produces consistent results every time.
Weight (g) = Cups × Density (g/cup)
For example, 2 cups of granulated sugar at 200 g/cup = 400 g.
Ounces = Grams ÷ 28.3495
Converts the gram result to US customary ounces.