Calculate density, mass, or volume from the other two known values using the density = mass ÷ volume relationship, with multiple unit options and reference material comparisons.
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Result
Density
1000.000 kg/m³
Mass
1.0000 kg
Volume
1.0000 L
Similar density to: Water
Also in Physics
Science — Physics
Density is a fundamental physical property that describes how much mass is packed into a given volume. The relationship ρ = m ÷ V applies to every substance from gases to solids, and knowing any two variables allows you to calculate the third.
Density (ρ) equals mass (m) divided by volume (V). Rearranging gives mass = ρ × V and volume = m ÷ ρ. SI units for density are kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m³), but grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm³) and kilograms per litre (kg/L) are common in practice.
Water at 4 °C has a density of exactly 1000 kg/m³ (1 g/cm³), which serves as a practical benchmark. Objects less dense than the surrounding fluid float; objects denser sink — a consequence of Archimedes' principle.
Air at sea level is approximately 1.225 kg/m³. Wood ranges from 400–900 kg/m³ depending on species. Concrete is 2000–2500 kg/m³, aluminium 2700 kg/m³, steel 7850 kg/m³, copper 8900 kg/m³, lead 11 340 kg/m³, and gold 19 300 kg/m³.
Density can be used to identify unknown materials by measuring mass on a scale and volume through water displacement.
Frequently asked questions
Engineers use density to calculate structural loads, select materials for weight-critical applications, and predict buoyancy. Aircraft design, for example, depends on finding materials with the highest strength-to-density ratio.
Use the water-displacement method: submerge the object in a known volume of water and measure how much the water level rises. The rise multiplied by the container's cross-sectional area gives the object's volume.
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